Published on GEOG 3: The Future of Food (https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog3)

Home > Orientation

Welcome

We are very happy that you have decided to join us this semester. Before we begin our semester of study together, it is important that you review all of the material in the Orientation and on our course syllabi. These two resources will prepare you to be successful in this course and will make the journey over the next 16 weeks significantly easier for you.

What will we learn about in the Orientation?

  • An overview of your school's course management system
  • An overview of the course website
  • Technical requirements for this course, including learning about software you will be using
  • A brief introduction to the course
  • Modern Earth Science principles
  • How to succeed in this course
  • Where to get course assistance if you need it

What is due for the Orientation?

You should complete the Orientation before the first week of class so you are prepared.

The following is an overview of the activities that must be submitted for the Orientation. Detailed directions and submission instructions are located on the page containing the assignment. If you are at Colorado Mesa, some course activities will take place in D2L and if you are at Penn State they will take place in Canvas.

Orientation Tasks
Tasks Page of Orientation
Personalize your course management system (LMS) space (PSU Students Only) The Learning Environment
Forward your LMS e-mail to your regular email (PSU Students Only) The Learning Environment
Bookmark the course website: Geog 3 [1] The Learning Environment
Introduce yourself and meet the rest of the class. Getting to Know You
Learn about what to expect in the course Course Introduction
Learn about Modern Earth Science Principles Modern Earth Science Principles
Download the Course Syllabus for your campus Syllabus
Read about the Course Capstone Assignment Capstone

Note:

You may want to print this page to serve as a checklist as you go along.

Have you looked at the syllabus yet? This Orientation complements and expands on the information provided in the syllabus. If you haven't read it, be sure to review that document carefully! It is linked from this website and may also be available in your LMS (Canvas or D2L).

Questions?

There are two ways you can get help in the class.

E-mail

For the quickest response directly from your professor, use email through your course management system. We will check several times daily during the week and daily on weekends. Please use this mode of communication for questions and concerns you do not wish the rest of the class to see.

Class Discussion

If you have any questions that you want to share with the class, please post them to our Questions? discussion forum (not e-mail), located in Canvas (Penn State) and D2L (Colorado Mesa). We will check that discussion forum daily to respond. While you are there, feel free to post your own responses if you, too, are able to help out a classmate.

What is next?

Once you are ready, click the next link in the orientation menu and work all the way to the end of the list.

Meet the Instructor

Marie Louise Ryan

Marie Louise Ryan is a PhD student in Geography. Originally from New Orleans, she has spent most of her life obsessed with food. She spent four years working on dairy farms making cheese in France and the United States. She has also worked on a small-scale CSA farm in Iowa. This passion for food and where it comes from led her to Iowa State University where as a graduate student she studied sustainable (and industrial) agriculture and community and regional planning. Currently, her PhD research focuses on agrobiodiversity and traditional rice varieties in Nepal.

Teaching Assitant: Zach Goldberg

Zach Goldberg is a Master's student in Geography. He is also a farmer with diverse experiences around the globe.

Meet the Authors

Welcome to The Future of Food course!

Colorado Mesa University

Gigi Richard

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Growing up below sea level in New Orleans, Louisiana instilled in Gigi Richard an early fascination with water, weather, and good food. Hurricanes and floods were constant threats living on the Mississippi River delta close to the Gulf of Mexico, and with a Cajun heritage, growing up in a food-oriented culture, her food obsession came naturally. Following an undergraduate civil engineering degree focused on water resources from MIT in Cambridge, MA, Gigi moved to Colorado and spent a couple of years practicing as a civil engineer. After designing roads, subdivision and water and sewer lines for a while, she realized that studying and understanding the natural environment was her passion, and continued her graduate studies focused on water and more specifically, river dynamics at CSU in Fort Collins, CO earning an MS and PhD in civil engineering. Gigi’s graduate research focused on the Rio Grande in New Mexico, studying the impacts of a dam on the river. Following graduate school, she spent a year as a post-doc in New Zealand, studying human impacts on the Waiho River draining Franz Josef Glacier on the south island of New Zealand. In 2002, Gigi started teaching at Colorado Mesa University in Grand Junction, CO in the geology program where she created the Watershed Science program, co-founded the Hutchins Water Center at CMU, and was founding coordinator of the CMU/CU-Boulder Mechanical Engineering Partnership Program. Gigi’s research at CMU has focused on flash flooding in ephemeral washes of the Colorado National Monument, understanding human impacts on the Yampa, Dolores and Colorado Rivers in western Colorado, and monitoring the impact of invasive vegetation removal on channel morphology of the Colorado River. Gigi is currently the Director of the Hutchins Water Center and is taking on the role of the coordinator of the new CMU/CU-Boulder Civil Engineering Partnership Program in spring 2016. In addition to her academic activities and to support her fresh food habit, Gigi spent four summers working at a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm in Palisade, CO and remains an active member of the Field to Fork CSA. Gigi is also a volunteer weather reporter for the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network and enjoys the outdoors in western Colorado, often on her bicycle or skis, as well as by growing her own food (and cooking it and eating it!).

Pennsylvania State University-University Park

Heather Karsten

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Since she can remember, Heather Karsten's favorite color has been green. A native of the suburbs of Pittsburgh, PA, Heather Karsten's interest in plants and nature was nurtured through lots of outdoor recreational activities, gardening with her mother, and spending time on her family's friends' farm. Due to her keen interest in plants and the environmental sciences, she studied Environmental Biology at Yale where she discovered the field Agroecology. Inspired to contribute to developing more ecologically-friendly agriculture, she went on to earn her MS and PhD program in Agronomy and Agroecology at Cornell University, where she was fortunate to enjoy exploring diverse agroecosystems and their food systems through a Fulbright year in New Zealand studying pasture ecology; studies of tropical agriculture and Spanish in Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica; and her PhD research on a pasture-based commercial dairy farm in New York. After a post-doctoral research on irrigated pasture systems in the Intermountain West stint at Utah State University, she returned to Pennsylvania to join the faculty at The Pennsylvania State University in 1998 where she teaches and conducts research in agronomy and agroecology. At Penn State, she has researched management intensive grazing systems, the influence of the grass-based diet on livestock product healthful fatty acid composition and vitamin content, and strategies to help organic farmers with whole farm nutrient management. She currently leads an interdisciplinary research team who are evaluating innovative conservation dairy cropping systems designed to conserve soil, nutrients, and energy; protect water quality, and reduce pesticide use with funding from the USDA's Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program. For more information see Department of Plant Science [2] and Research [3]. And although she continues to enjoy traveling to explore other agroecosystems and sampling diverse foods, in the beautiful ridge and valley region of central Pennsylvania, Heather enjoys both the natural ecosystems and agroecosystems through hiking, biking, gardening, visiting the farmers market, and eating fresh and diverse food with her family and friends.

Steve Vanek

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Steven Vanek: as an indication of the twists and turns that can lead one to contemplate food systems, I pursued physics in my undergraduate program at Cornell University, and then, through a series of volunteer and teaching experiences with rural development organizations in the developing world, I attended graduate school first in Horticulture for an MS and then a Ph.D. in soil science. I’ve conducted basic research on the processes that allow soils to feed plants and supply food systems, but much of my work has been on understanding agriculture at an applied level and in the way it contributes to global food systems, from case studies of organic farms in the Northeast United States to collaborations with nutritionists in studying Bolivian smallholder farming households. I currently collaborate with a Peruvian organization that seeks better options for maintaining soil fertility with forage crops that can also feed livestock in the Andes of South America. Over the last two years, I have been pursuing a post-doctoral research post in the Geography lab of Karl Zimmerer, where we study relationships between agrobiodiversity, soil management, and geographic factors of tropical mountain regions. In my time at Penn State, we have been able to try out some of the content of this course in a seminar course last spring. I’m very happy for the opportunity to form part of the multifaceted team that has authored the course, and to be a Penn State instructor for this innovative approach to fostering your learning about food and sustainability. Last but not least, I love food in all its varied glory, from the Czech and Italian recipes of my family to homemade kimchi, bread, and barbecue that I’ve attempted over the years. I appreciate pretty much any restaurant that can serve decent portions.

The Learning Environment

The materials for this class are on the World Wide Web. Registered students in this course will need to navigate between several environments in the World Wide Web. These include:

  • This site: The instructional materials in this site include 12 modules, plus this course orientation. Each module contains an introduction, followed by the reading assignments, lengthy presentation of the topic and a formative assessmne or a summative assessment or both. The assessments are a key part of the class, designed to provide you with a stronger grasp of the concepts in each module. The other key components of the course are the readings. These are mandatory. Some of the material in the readings are not covered in the course website text of the course and you will be expected to master that material.  Even though the reading material is compiled at the beginning of the module, we recommend that you read the references after you have read the text. The Earth is very visual and we have incorporated a lot of images in the text, more than a typical online course. Make sure that you take in these images as you read the text. The final element of the course are videos. Make sure you watch them.
     
  • Course Management Systems
    • Penn State Students use Canvas [4], the learning management system. In Canvas, registered students may consult course calendars; communicate with instructors, teaching assistants, and fellow students; submit assignments; receive feedback from the instructor and teaching assistant; take online quizzes and surveys; and check assignment scores and course grades. A link to Canvas appears on every page.
    • Colorado Mesa students use D2L, CMU’s course management system, which is accessed through the MavZone [5] portal.  In D2L, registered students consult course calendars, communicate with instructors and fellow students, submit assignments, receive feedback from the instructor, take online quizzes, and check assignment scores and course grades.

Topics of study

The content of this course is divided into three broad areas or Sections. Each Section is made up of Modules. There are eleven weekly modules in the course with the final week reserved for the Capstone.

Section 1 Introduction

  • Module 1: Introduction
  • Module 2: Geographic and Historical Context
  • Module 3: Diet and Nutrition

Section 2 Environmental Dynamics and Drivers

  • Module 4: Food and Water
  • Module 5: Soils as a Key Resource for Food Systems
  • Module 6: Crops

Section 3 Systems Approaches to Managing our Food Systems

  • Module 7: Soils and a Systems Approach to Soil Quality
  • Module 8: Pests and Integrated Pest Management
  • Module 9: Food and Climate Change

Section 4 Food Systems and Sustainability

  • Module 10: Food Systems 
  • Module 11: Human-Environment Interactions
  • Module 12: Future Food Scenarios

Course assignments

Evaluation of student performance will be based on the following assignments

  • Formative and Summative Assessments. You will complete formative assessments for Tuesday and either submit the worksheet or take a quiz based on the worksheet. You will complete summative assessments for Thursday and either submit your work or take an online quiz based on your work through Canvas. 
  • Capstone Activity. You will work on this activity on your own. It will be due at the end of the semester.  This activity will be documented at Capstone Assignment and after Module 3.
  • Weekly Quizzes: The quizzes will consist of multiple choice questions and are designed to assess your understanding of the week's module content
  • Discussions: see Discussions in  Canvas.

Students are expected to read all assigned materials, study them well, and submit work according to the deadlines.

Refer to the course syllabus for assignment weighting and final grade calculation.

About Canvas (PSU students only)

This page provides information about Canvas, Penn State's online learning management system.

Quick Guide for Students

If you are new to Canvas, it is strongly recommended that you complete the PSU: Canvas Student Orientation [6]. 

You may also want to review the Canvas Student Guide [7] to acclimate yourself further, and watch the following (6:47) video:

200 - Canvas Overview for Students [8] from Canvas LMS [9] on Vimeo [10].

Click for Transcript of Canvas Overview

In this video, you will get a brief overview of the Canvas user interface. The Canvas user interface has three main components: the Dashboard, Global Navigation, and Sidebar. The Dashboard is the first thing you see when you log into Canvas. It provides a high-­level overview of all your courses. The Dashboard has two different viewing options, ­ the course view or the recent activity stream. The Dashboard course view includes a course card for each of your favorite courses. Each card can include up to four tabs, which represent the four main Canvas features for student course activity: Announcements, Assignments, Discussions, and Files. These tabs mimic visibility and order in Course Navigation, so, for instance, if an instructor hides the Announcements link, the Announcements tab will not be displayed. The total number of activities are indicated on the appropriate tab with a number icon. You can directly access these recent activities by clicking the tab.

You can change a couple settings for your course cards by clicking the card Settings icon. First, you can create nicknames for your courses to help you organize your dashboard. In the Nickname text field, enter the nickname for your course. Click the Apply button. The new nickname will appear. Course nicknames appear in the Dashboard, Course Navigation Menu, course breadcrumbs, and notification e-mails and only changes the name of the course for the individual user who created the nickname. If users need to know the original name of the course, they can hover over the nickname and the original name will appear. To remove a nickname, open the card settings and remove the nickname. The Nickname field will display the original name of the course. Click the Apply button to save changes. You can also change the color of your course cards. In the card settings, select the color you would like to assign to the card. You can also enter a HEX code for any color. Then click Apply.

To view the recent activity stream, click the toggle to the right. The recent activity stream view contains a stream of recent notifications from all your courses, including announcements, discussions, assignments, and conversations. New or unread activities are shown by the blue indicator dot. You can view the details of each activity by hovering in the notification area and clicking the Show More link. To collapse recent activity, click the Show Less link. You can directly access your recent activities by clicking the link. To remove a notification, click the remove icon.

Another interface component is the Global Navigation, which is a static menu on the left side of the page that gives you direct access to your courses and other information in Canvas. This menu is accessible from any page within Canvas. To modify your user settings or profile, click the Account link. You can also specify your notification preferences, upload personal files, or manage ePortfolios here. Click the Logout link to Logout of Canvas. To hide the slide­out menu, just click the menu link again or click the close icon. Click the Dashboard link to return to the Canvas Dashboard at any time.

By clicking Courses, you can access your individual courses or view a list of all courses in which you are enrolled. Here, you can customize the courses that display on your Dashboard and in your Courses list by clicking the stars next to the course names. Click Groups to access any groups in which you are enrolled or to view a list of all your groups. Click the Calendar link to view the global calendar, which shows an aggregated view of all assignments and events from each of your courses. The Inbox link will take you to your Conversations. You can compose and send new messages to other students and teachers here, or view any existing conversations. And click the Help link to access help resources, including the Canvas Guides, the Canvas Community, or Canvas Support. If you ever have a problem with Canvas, be sure to click the “Report a Problem” link to get help from a support agent. This link may not be available to all Canvas users.

The last interface component is the Sidebar. On your dashboard, the sidebar includes a To Do list, Coming Up feed, Recent Feedback, and a View Grades button. The To Do list helps you keep track of assignments that you need to complete. Click any assignment link and Canvas will direct you to the appropriate page. You can also click the close icon next to any item to ignore the assignment. The Coming Up feed lists upcoming assignments and events within your courses. Under Recent Feedback, you will see the latest comments from instructors or peers on previously submitted assignments. Click the View Grades button to quickly access the grades for any of your courses. Note that when viewing Canvas with a small screen resolution, any sidebar content aligns with the bottom of the page.

Now, let’s visit a course and take a look at the course interface. The course interface consists of 4 main components: the Course Navigation, the Content Area, the Breadcrumb Navigation, and the Sidebar. The course navigation menu provides links to the different areas of your course. Your instructors have the ability to customize this menu, so it may vary slightly from course to course. This menu can be collapsed by clicking the menu icon. The content of the course will be displayed in this Content Area. The Breadcrumb Navigation shows your current location within a course and allows you to easily move to a previous screen. The Course Sidebar is similar to the Canvas Sidebar. It includes a View Course Stream link to see recent course activity, as well as your To Do list, Coming Up feed, and Recent Feedback comments.

You've now completed this Canvas Overview for Students. For additional information on this or any other topic about Canvas, just visit guides.canvaslms.com. You can also ask questions and engage with other Canvas users by visiting community.canvaslms.com.

Supported Browsers and Computer Configuration

The Canvas Help Center provides extensive, up-to-date documentation [11] on making sure your computer is configured properly for Canvas. Failure to follow these recommendations may result in significant issues while viewing materials, taking assessments, and using drop boxes. Use of unsupported browsers is at your own risk.

Your Canvas Profile and Notification Preferences

Profile and User Settings let you control your personal information in Canvas. Take a few minutes to personalize your Canvas profile by following the instructions below.

Setting Up Communications
Task Instructions
Personalize your Canvas Profile
  • Go to Canvas.
  • Click on the 'Account' link.
  • Click on the 'Profile' link.
  • Follow the instructions on the Canvas Profile and User Settings page [12] to customize important aspects of your profile including, but not limited to your preferred e-mail address(es) and text (SMS) contact method for course notifications, your time zone, and your profile picture.
If you use PSU OneID

Students who are enrolled with OneID will not receive emails automatically from Canvas due to not having PSU email access. We advise that students set up a personal email address for notifications.

  • Log into Canvas
  • Click on the "Account" link
  • Click on the "Settings" link.
  • In account settings, add a personal email address on the right-hand side.
  • Go to Account>Notifications to set specific notification settings, as described in the next section.
Set your notification preferences

You have the option to select how, when, and for what information you would like to receive notifications. This can be very helpful when keeping track of items such as discussion posts, assignment due dates, and exams. Visit the Canvas Notification Preference Support page (link is external) [13] and follow the instructions for setting up your notification preferences. The video below this table provides additional information.

To ensure that your Canvas e-mail messages forward to your regular e-mail account immediately, check the "Notify me right away" option (the checkmark) for each item under "Conversations" in Notification Preferences.

Set your timezone
  • Go to Canvas.
  • Click on Settings in the Course navigation menu.
  • The Course Details page will open.
  • In the Time Zone drop-down menu, select a time zone for your course.
  • Scroll down and click Update Course Details.

Download the Canvas App For information on using the app by device, please see the following:
  • Android Device [14]
  • iOs Device [15]

The following video (4:28) provides information about Canvas Notification Preferences.

112 - Notification Preferences [16] from Canvas LMS [9] on Vimeo [10].

Click for Transcript of Notification Preferences in Canvas

In this video, you will learn about Notification Preferences, which help you manage the frequency and mode in which you receive notifications from Canvas. Canvas supports notification through e-mail, SMS text message, and other external services. Canvas users can choose to receive notifications immediately, daily, weekly, or never.

To get started, click the Account link in Global Navigation. Then click Settings. In the User Settings and Profile Picture video, we discussed Ways to Contact in the right sidebar. To see how to add e-mail addresses and phone numbers to your settings, please refer to that video. Ways to Contact will play a role in where Notification Preferences are sent.

Web Services will also play a role in Notification Preferences. If you scroll down to the Other Services section, you will see a list of services that you can link to your Canvas account. When you register with other web services, you allow other users to connect with you via web services. You should already have accounts with any of the web services you wish to use before registering them in Canvas. By default, Canvas does not disclose your information to other users within the system unless you give consent. One of the services you can connect to is Twitter. By connecting to Twitter, you will receive notifications via Tweets according to your notification preferences. To connect to Twitter, click the Twitter button. A window will pop ­up asking for permission to connect your Twitter and Canvas accounts. To allow this, click the Authorize Twitter Access button. If you are not already logged in to your Twitter account, you will need to enter your login information. You will then be redirected back to Canvas. This process will be similar for each web service provided. You will see your Twitter information in Ways to Contact under the Other Contacts heading in the sidebar. You will also notice that the Twitter button appears in the Registered Services column. Remove a Registered Service by clicking the remove icon next to the service. A pop­up will appear to confirm that you want to unregister the service. Click OK to unregister. The web service will then appear in the Other Services column. After unregistering an external service, you can re­register it at any time. You can follow these steps to connect to or disconnect from any of the external services. Or, for detailed instructions on how to connect to specific external services, please refer to the Canvas Guides.

After you have added Web Services, you will want to set your Notification Preferences, which you can do by clicking the Notifications link in the user navigation on the left side. On this page, you can select how and when you want to be notified when various events occur within your course. Notification preferences are divided into activity categories: Course Activities, Discussions, Conversations, Scheduling, Groups, Alerts, and Conferences. Along the top of the page, you will see your different contact methods; your e-mail addresses, phone number, and other registered services, like Twitter, in this case. You will need to go through each category and set how and where you want to be notified. When you hover over a cell to change your preference, four icons will appear.

1.       By selecting the Checkmark icon, you will be immediately notified of any change for the activity.

2.       By selecting the Clock icon, you will be notified daily of any change for the activity.

3.       By selecting the Calendar icon, you will be notified weekly of any change for the activity

4.       By selecting the X icon, you will not be sent notifications for the activity.

The notification preferences you set here will apply to all of your courses. You should also notice, on the bottom of the page, a note indicating the day and time when your weekly notifications will be sent. This time varies between users.

You've now completed this video tutorial on Notification Preferences. For additional information on this or any other topic about Canvas, just visit guides.canvaslms.com. You can also ask questions and engage with other Canvas users by visiting community.canvaslms.com.

About D2L (CMU students only)

Colorado Mesa University uses an online course management system called Desire2Learn (D2L) to deliver its online courses to registered students. Lecture materials, reading assignments, assessments, and quizzes will be on D2L.

To access D2L, visit the MAVzone Login Page [17] and log in using your assigned username and password. Click on the D2L icon in the center of your MAVzone page. Once in D2L, select GEOL 196 from the Select a course… menu.

To get help with D2L, contact the CMU IT Help Desk [18]. There are three Ways to Contact the Information Technology Help Desk

  1. Telephone - Call 970.248.2111
  2. Enter a ticket - Log into MAVzone and click on the Help Desk link at the bottom of the page.
  3. In Person - 1st floor Tomlinson Library, North-East corner.

About the Course Web Site

This site includes the majority of the instructional materials for this class. There are a few things you should know about this website.

How the website is organized

This site uses a "tab" interface to organize content. The tabs are used as follows:

  • Orientation: You are currently in the Orientation. It provides an introduction to the instructor, the learning environments, the technical requirements, and a page on how to succeed in an online class.
  • Syllabus: The Syllabus is a complete outline of the course. Read it carefully as it will serve as our course "contract".
  • Modules: The Modules tab is where the bulk of the course learning material can be found. Each module contains an introduction, reading assignments, links, assessments, etc.
  • LMS: The LMS tab takes you a page that will allow you to select your school's LMS link.
  • Getting Help: The Getting Help tab provides information about who to contact in various circumstances.

How to Print a Module or Page

  • To print an entire module you must be on the top-level page for that module and then select the "printer-friendly version" link.
  • To print a single page, go to the page you want to print and select the printer-friendly version link.
  • WARNING: many pages contain required videos, animations, and links that will not work in print mode, so please do not rely on the printed modules for all of your learning.

Assignments

The Future of Food is an active course. We will have you look at real data so you can put the concepts we teach you into action. This means that many of the assignments are based on lab activities. Here we explain the various types of assignments.

Readings

Readings are specified on the Assignment page at the beginning of each Module. All reading is mandatory.

Activities

As you work through each module we have assignments that help you become familiar with concepts. All of these assessments are for credit.

Formative Assessments

Formative activities are those that occur in the middle of a module, that address single or a few concepts explained in the text. You will do these by the end of the day on Tuesdays. You will need to download the worksheet, fill it out, and turn it in online to be graded or take a quiz that is based on the correct answers to the worksheet. If submitted as worksheets, they will be graded according to a rubric that is provided with the worksheet.

Module Summative Assessments

Module Summative activities are given at the end of a module. In these activities, you will be required to integrate multiple concepts. You will need to download the worksheet, fill it out, and turn it in online to be graded or take a quiz based on the correct answers. They will be graded according to a rubric that is provided with the worksheet.

Capstone Activity or Course Summative Activity

The Course Summative Activity is introduced in the Orientation and at the end of Section 1 (Module 2) and is for credit. You will work on this on your own. The capstone will be graded according to a rubric. Module 12 is dedicated to the Capstone. This assignment will be turned in at the end of the course.

Weekly Quizzes

Quizzes are designed to evaluate your understanding of the course materials. They pertain to the week's module and are multiple choice, administered through your LMS.

Discussions

These Discussions will serve as a discussion forum, where students in our class can share ideas and questions about some of the broader, over-arching questions related to specific topics covered in our course. See more information in Canvas.

As described in the Syllabus, course Assessment is as follows:

  • Formative Assessments: 20%
  • Summative Assessments: 30%
  • Weekly Quizzes: 10%
  • Capstone Project: 30%
  • Discussions (Class participation): 10%

Getting to Know You

Sometime this week, introduce yourself to your classmates in the Introduce Yourself Discussion in the Orientation Module in Canvas. All other discussions throughout the course will use the same format described below.

For this orientation discussion post, you will provide a 150-250 word (1-2 paragraph) introduction of yourself and what you hope to learn from this class. I would also like for you to pose two questions to your fellow classmates. Once everyone has submitted their introductions, you will then respond to two of your classmates, either by commenting on their introduction or answering one of their questions. Remember to remain respectful and curious and to use netiquette in your introduction and responses.

Your initial post with your introduction and questions is due on Friday at 11:59 pm Eastern Time. You then need to reply to at least 2 classmates by Sunday at 11:59 pm Eastern Time.

Canvas Discussion Directions

Once you have read and engaged with the content on the course website, read or viewed the weekly readings or videos, and completed the other weekly assessments, you are ready to contribute to the Weekly Discussion. For more information and directions on exactly what you should do, refer to the Discussion section of the syllabus on the course website. Your initial post with your reflection and questions are due on Friday at 11:59 pm Eastern. You then need to reply to at least 2 classmates by Sunday at 11:59 pm Eastern.

The post should include three sections.

  • Your reaction:
    In 150-250 words, your reaction is expected to address at least two, and preferably all of the assigned materials. In your reaction, you should first consider the assigned material(s) and assessments on their own terms. Ask yourself: What have I learned about in this module? What does the material assume about coupled human-natural systems? How can I challenge or expand on what I have learned? Then, provide your own brief reaction. Submissions that do not meaningfully engage with the course material(s) will receive a zero. You must read/watch the material(s) before completing this assignment. When responding to your classmates, you may comment on something they said that you found interesting, answer one of the questions they posed, or pose another question. The instructor will be monitoring the board to make sure that discussions stay on topic, and that comments are respectful.
  • Questions:
    Submit 2 questions following your reaction. Your questions should relate the readings/video/assessments to the key terms covered in that week or in previous weeks. This requirement is graded as all or nothing; so, if you do not submit two questions, you will receive no points for this portion of the assignment.
  • Citations:
    You must also include full references for the assigned material. You can copy the references from the course syllabus. You must use APA style. For information on how to do this, visit this online Handbook [19]. This requirement is graded as all or nothing; so, if you do not submit references for materials cited, you will receive no points for this portion of the assignment.
  • Respond to 2 Classmates:
    Once everyone has written their posts, you will then be required to go back into the discussion and converse with at least two of your classmates. Make your posts meaningful. They will be graded.

Technical Requirements

Before you begin working through the course content, you need to make sure the computer you are using is configured properly for the multimedia that you will encounter. Below are the specifications and tests to help make sure everything is in working order.

NOTE:

Access to a reliable Internet connection is required for this course. A problem with your Internet access may not be used as an excuse for late, missing, or incomplete coursework. If you experience problems with your Internet connection while working on this course, it is your responsibility to find an alternative Internet access point, such as a public library or wifi hotspot.

Mixed Content

This site is considered a secure website which means that your connection is encrypted. We do however link to content that isn't necessarily encrypted. This is called mixed content. By default, mixed content is blocked in Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome. This may result in a blank page or a message saying that only secure content is displayed. Follow the directions below to view the mixed content.

  • Firefox
    Click the shield icon to the left of the address bar.
    In the pop-up window, click the down arrow next to "Keep Blocking" and select "Disable Protection on This Page".
  • Chrome
    Click the shield icon to the right of the address bar.
    In the icon dialog box, click "Load anyway".
  • Internet Explorer
    Scroll to the bottom of the screen and click "Show all content".

Flash movies and Quicktime video

We have Flash movies and Quicktime video material in many of the lessons in this course. Chances are pretty good that you already use a Web browser that is configured to open up a Quicktime movie and play swf (Flash) files. But, to be safe, here is a "test" file that you should try out now to make sure you won't have problems later in the course. If these files run smoothly for you, then you're ready to go. If you can't get the file below to play on your computer, then please refer to the steps at the bottom of this page to troubleshoot your problem.

Video: We Are Penn State - World Campus (00:35)

Click for video transcript.

Music

We are...Penn State

We are...Penn State

We are...Penn State

Now, we are Penn State.

Having trouble? Troubleshooting tips...

  • Step 1: Install a New Plugin. If you are not able to play the files, start by installing (or re-installing) the Quicktime plug-ins. The links here will take you to the respective download sites (and their accompanying directions.)
    • QuickTime Plugin [20]
  • Step 2: Request Help. If you still have not had any success, then its time for you to contact the ITS Helpdesk [21]. It is in your own best interest to be as specific as you possibly can. Vague descriptions of a problem only delay assistance. Try to include information such as:
    • Indicate the specific course page, quiz question, etc. you were on, what you attempted to do when that failed, and the exact language of any error message displayed on your screen
    • The date and time when your problem occurred
    • Any other pertinent information (does the problem happen consistently and always in the same way, etc.)

Browsers

The Future of Food must be viewed using one of the following browsers: Firefox (any version), Safari (versions 5.1 or 6.0) or Internet Explorer with the MathPlayer PlugIn [22]. If you use any other browsers there will be pages that do not render properly.

Google Earth

You will be using Google Earth in a few of the modules. It is a very standard program that works on both Macs and PCs. Go to Google Earth [23] and download the latest version for your computer. Later in the orientation, there is a tutorial to help familiarize you with the software.

Viewing Equations

This course uses many equations. In order to view the equations, you must use one of the following browsers. This list supersedes the list of browsers found on the Technical Requirements page.

  • Firefox (any version)
  • Safari (versions 5.1 or 6.0)
  • Internet Explorer with the MathPlayer PlugIn [22].

If you use any other browsers there will be pages that do not render properly. If you need technical assistance at any point during the course, please contact Technical Support [24] (for World Campus students) or the ITS Help Desk [25] (for students at all other campus locations).

Using the Library

Penn State Students

All Penn State students qualify as eligible users of the library and can borrow materials. "Eligible users include currently enrolled or employed Penn State faculty, staff, and students in good standing who do not have access to a Penn State campus." So just like any on-campus Penn State student, as an online Penn State student, you have a wealth of library resources available to you too! All you need to do to gain access is to properly register. So make sure that you complete the Activity at the bottom of the page.

As a registered user of Penn State Libraries, you can:

  • search for journal articles (many are even immediately available in full-text) [26];
  • request articles that aren't available in full-text and have them delivered electronically [27]; [28]
  • borrow books and other materials and have them delivered to your doorstep; [29]
  • access materials that your instructor has put on electronic Library Reserves; [30]
  • talk to reference librarians in real time using chat, phone, and e-mail; [31]
  • borrow e-books; [32]
  • gain access to research and subject guides; [33]
  • ...and much more!

All World Campus students should use the World Campus Library home page [34]. Please also review the library information for Off-Campus Users [35] for more information.

Activity

So that we can be sure you are able to access reserve readings and other library resources in this course, follow these steps NOW:

  1. Go to the Penn State Online Library [26] Website and follow all the steps in the "Get Started" section.
  2. Review the information on the Library Information for Off-Campus Users [35] Website

Don't forget! If you have a question you can just ASK! [36] a librarian! They are there to help you! The ASK! page will connect you to librarians in a manner that meets your needs; e-mail, phone, or use the chat window for a quick response!

Colorado Mesa Students

Colorado Mesa University’s Tomlinson Library offers a wide array of resources to both on-campus and off-campus students. The newly renovated and expanded library opened on November 30, 2015, with 24-hour study space, group and quiet study room, many more computer workstations and very helpful reference staff to help you find the resources you need. Online, the library’s website [37] is a very helpful portal for all your information needs. You’ll find research guides and tutorials [38] for different subject areas, databases [39], and interlibrary loan [40]for anything the CMU library doesn’t have in its collection. And, any time you have a question, you can always “Ask a Librarian [41]”.

How to Succeed in an Online Course

For online courses, the advice most likely to lead you to success is "Engage, Engage, Engage!"

What does this mean? Quite simply, it means being active in the course on a regular basis. It means keeping in sync with what's going on in the course, staying on top of deadlines and assignments, asking for help when necessary, and taking every opportunity to interact with the content and the instructors. It means making this course a regular part of your routine. Do this, and frankly, it will be difficult for you NOT to succeed in this course.

In online courses, the role of both the instructors AND the students tends to shift from the traditional classroom roles. The instructors' role is similar to that of good supervisors, and the students' role is closer to that of a good employee. The instructors define and set overall goals, outcomes, and timelines; make the information, resources, and experiences available to you to meet those goals; and, provide the support, guidance, communication channels, and feedback to help you succeed. The students' primary responsibilities are to stay on task; to manage their time and energy in order to get everything done on a weekly basis; to ask for guidance when in need of clarification; and, to take every opportunity available to improve their chances of success.

So, the very best advice we can offer you is to be engaged in this course at least nine hours each week, and log on 5-6 days of the week to spread out your study and thinking time. In the final analysis, completing multiple online sessions of quality study time is a tried-and-true recipe for success in this course.

Here are some quick tips to keep in mind when preparing to be successful in an online course:

  • Treat online learning as you would a face-to-face class. You should plan to devote at least the same amount of time to your online courses as you would to attending lectures on campus and completing assignments. Other good study habits, such as attending class (logging on) regularly and taking notes, are just as important in an online course as they are in a lecture hall!
  • Intentionally schedule your time. You should plan to devote 10-12 hours per week to completing lesson readings and assignments. Your learning will be most effective when you spread this participation out and engage with the course on a daily basis, if possible.
  • Engage, Engage, Engage! Take every opportunity to interact with the content, the instructor, and your classmates by completing assignments and participating in discussion forums and group activities!
  • Be organized. Keep in sync with what's going on in the course and stay on top of deadlines and upcoming assignments.
  • Ask for help! Ask for guidance when you are in need of clarification. You can also use the Discussion Forum to ask general questions about the course set-up or content.

Recommendations

It is a good idea to record any questions you might develop as you move through the content. Maintaining a digital course notebook is a great idea (you can use Microsoft OneNote, Evernote, etc.) to assist you. The process can be very easy with modern technology including your tablet, or computer. OneNote is often included with Microsoft Office software, and Evernote can be installed as a free app on tablets/iPad's. All software/apps work similarly and can be extremely useful once you get the hang of them, they are especially useful when you want to review content and prepare for assignment work.

  • Save all work routinely (at least every 10 minutes). We also recommend you save your work in multiple locations. For tech-savvy folks, you can set your computer to do this for you automatically. If you don't know how, we recommend that you look this up for your specific computer system.
  • With respect to content-related questions as you move through the material…hopefully some of them will be answered as you go, but some might not be. If your questions are not answered, then it is important for you to ask those questions as appropriate, either through discussion with other course participants, additional readings or during communications with the instructor.

And finally, in this course which has a lab component, it is critical that you read the lecture materials before you come to your lab.

The links below will connect you with other resources to help support your successful online learning experience, they are from Penn State but they apply to students from anywhere and are openly available:

Penn State World Campus - Tips for Being a Successful World Campus Student [42] - This website provides links to many resources on everything from taking notes online to managing your time effectively. Please note that you must be a World Campus student to receive some of the support services mentioned on this website.

Penn State World Campus - Blog [43] - This blog features posts by Penn State staff and students on a wide variety of topics relevant to online learning. Learn from online students and alumni, as well as staff members dedicated to student success, how you can get the most out of your online course experience.

Penn State iStudy Online Learning Tutorials [44] - The iStudy online learning tutorials are free and available to all Penn State students. They cover a broad range of topics including online learning readiness, time management, stress management, and statistics - among many others. Check out the extensive list of topics for yourself to see what topics may be of most use to you!

Netiquette

Netiquette is the rules of etiquette when internet manners, online etiquette, and digital etiquette all rolled into one word.

  • Subject Lines. Whenever you post a message in a forum or send course mail, use a short yet descriptive subject line.
  • Limit your comments or questions to one subject per email or discussion post.
  • Stay on topic. When in a discussion forum, stay on topic. Start a new discussion when appropriate.
  • Proof-read. Email and discussion posts are written communication (not spoken) and should contain correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
  • Never use all CAPS. Using all CAPS is equivalent to shouting.
  • Language. Use professional language.  Avoid slang and text acronyms and never use vulgar or inappropriate language.
  • Basic Courtesy. Be courteous and respectful in all of your course communications.
  • Consider your tone. A poorly worded note can easily be misunderstood or misconstrued. Remember that recipients can't see your body language or the expression on your face. Nor can they hear the intonation in your voice. If you have a suspicion that something you wrote might be taken the wrong way, it probably will.
  • Remember your audience. Your classmates come from all over the country and the world. Remember that language, humor, and idioms are not universal. Be especially careful with sarcasm.
  • When reacting to someone else's message, address the ideas, not the person.

Links to more resources on netiquette:

Effective Technical Writing in the Information Age: E-Mail Etiquette  [45]

Netiquette, by Virginia Shea [46]

Penn State Office of Student Conduct [47]

Wikipedia: Etiquette in technology [48]

Learn the Net [49]

Course Communications

Meaningful interactions among students and instructors are the hallmark of a successful online class.

Sometimes questions arise as to whom to contact about a certain issue and where. Use the information below to guide you in seeking answers to your questions.

For general questions about the course content and activities:

If you have any questions about the course content or activities, at any point in the course, please post them to our Discussion Forums in Canvas (Penn State) or in D2L (Colorado-Mesa). That way, everyone can benefit from seeing the question and the answer! That forum will be checked at least once per day, Monday through Friday and once a day on weekends. While you are there, feel free to post your own responses if you, too, are able to help out a classmate!

For questions of a personal nature:

If you have a question that you would prefer not to share with the rest of the class, such as about your grade, you are welcome to contact your faculty member via email through the course management system anytime. We guarantee a response within 24 hours.

Whenever you post a message in a forum or send course mail, use a descriptive subject line. Subject lines that include the gist of a question or comment increase the chances that recipients can retrieve the messages we're looking for. Poor subject lines, such as "Question" or "Lesson 1," are useless as search keywords.

The "Getting Help" link in the top menu is a shortcut to the people and resources available to you.

Course Introduction

By the time today's undergraduates send their children to college, there will be more than eight billion people on Earth. Our climate will be punctuated by extreme weather events. One or more major metropolitan areas may have experienced a devastating earthquake or volcanic eruption. Energy resources will be strained and more expensive. This world requires both an Earth literate public and a workforce that can bring geoscience to bear on tough societal issues. Developing widespread Earth literacy and this workforce are the objectives of the InTeGrate project.

InTeGrate is a 5-year, NSF-funded STEP Center grant, running from 2012 through 2016. The STEP (STEM Talent Expansion Program) Center program enables "a group of faculty representing a cross-section of institutions of higher education to identify a national challenge or opportunity in undergraduate education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and to propose a comprehensive and coordinated set of activities that will be carried out to address that challenge or opportunity within a national context." This course was developed through the InTeGrate STEP grant. For more information see InTeGrate Project [50]

Have you ever eaten at a restaurant, grown your own food in a garden, made a traditional recipe handed down in your family, hunted, or shopped at a supermarket or open-air market? If you’ve done any of these activities, you’ve played an important role in the global food system of planet earth. This introductory course takes on the subject of food not just in the way it is produced or consumed, but as a system: the relationship of food production to the environment, human knowledge, and social factors like government policies, and the way that we consume food as a product of regional cultures, history, and climate. We call the course “the future of food” because we will place emphasis on the challenges facing food systems in the 21st century, and issues of sustainability for agriculture and other food production activities as well as the challenges posed by food insecurity and modern diets to human health and well-being.

Three Course Sections and Themes

Introduction

The first section or Introduction presents the themes of the course. Here we will introduce the concept of the food system as a coupling or interaction of human societies and human knowledge with natural environments around the world. We will also spend time analyzing the history of food systems and the emergence of modern food systems, and introduce the course capstone assignment (see below).

Environmental Drivers

The second section, Environmental Drivers, can be thought of as your introduction to the natural factors where the interactions between societies and environments play out to produce food, with modules that feature soil, water, the atmosphere, plants, and other earth system features of food systems and how these are modified and managed by humans. It’s in this section that the overarching theme of sustainability emerges strongly.

Human-Environment Interactions

The third section, Human-Environment Interactions is where you as learners will put together some skills and overarching concepts that are used to analyze food systems. We will weave together human and natural factors in a very deliberate way that should help you in the capstone project for the course. You will learn concepts and gain tools that you can come back to throughout your university education when you discuss sustainability (a word that is all about Humans and the Environment). Among other topics, we’ll look at ways to quantify the food system impacts on earth systems, the concept of resilience, management and policy interactions with agroecosystems, and food insecurity and diet.

The Capstone Project

One of the marvelous things about studying food systems is that they come in so many descriptions and sizes based on culture, nature, and geography, and yet we all have good intuitions about food systems because we all participate as consumers of food and observers of our local food systems. In that vein, and because doing is learning, you’ll be putting together an analysis of a food system in a given part of the world over the semester, working in stages as you complete the other learning tasks for each module and section. You will draw on the material in the course to both describe and assess different parts of the food system. The capstone culminates in you proposing scenarios for “the future of food” for the region you choose out of the ones assigned.

Course Mechanics

Online and assessments: if you have read this far in the orientation, you know that this is an online course. In the online portion, you will be expected to complete reading on the course website, along with some outside resources, usually websites, videos, or occasional reserve readings. These resources will allow you to complete the formative assessments. You will also use the website to complete the summative assessments. Along with weekly quizzes and the capstone project, these assessments form the basis of your grade in the course.

Modern Earth Science Principles

The Earth System

Many of you have not had an Earth Science class before so it is necessary to prepare you for a new way of thinking that you will be practicing throughout the class.

The Earth is a wonderful, big messy pile of rock, water, and air with life teaming all over it. Earth scientists are used to dealing with this messy and highly complex system, but you are not. So let's simplify things to start. The Earth is an integration of four systems or spheres: air, water, land, and life. Technically speaking these are known as the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land) and biosphere (life).

Enter image and alt text here. No sizes!
The Earth System consisting of the Geosphere (=Lithosphere), the Biosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere.
Credit: Wikispaces: Geography and History

Modern Earth Science is focused on the connections between the spheres and this approach is extremely relevant in this course. Water is a basic human right, and climate change combined with the increase in global population and worsening pollution, are going to make clean drinking water an increasingly scarce commodity in coming decades. Thus human survival (the biosphere) is going to depend more and more on access to this precious part of the hydrosphere. As you will learn the water cycle involves the atmosphere (rain and snow) and the lithosphere (soil and rock) where groundwater resides in aquifers. During the course of the semester, we will consider the interactions between the different Earth systems on a continual basis. In Units 1 and 2, we consider the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere and how they interact with one another in terms of how water flows on the Earth's surface and underground. In Unit 3 we focus on how humans use (and misuse) water and how politics enters into groundwater resources.

The techniques of modern Earth sciences: How Earth scientists think

Because Earth scientists are continuously working at the intersection between the spheres, their field is by necessity an integrative one, meaning that the techniques that they use are built upon the connections the earth, air water, and life. As we mention above, these connections are inherently complex and subject to great changes over time. Thus Earth scientists are accustomed to dealing with complexity, fluctuation, and uncertainty and you will see good examples of each of these factors throughout the semester.

Feedbacks and Linearity

The complex connections between the involve what are known as “feedbacks.” These are mechanisms that dampen or accelerate the impact of one process on another. Sounds complex? The best way to explain a feedback is to give an example and the best example involves the growth of ice such as in a glacier. Ice reflects sunlight better than almost any other material on Earth, and in reflecting sunlight, it lowers the amount of energy from sunlight absorbed by Earth, which makes it colder. If the Earth becomes colder, glaciers may grow, covering more area and thus reflecting even more insolation, which in turn cools the Earth further. Thus cooling instigates ice expansion, which promotes additional cooling, and so on — this is clearly a cycle that feeds back on itself to encourage the initial change. Since this chain of events furthers the initial change that triggered the whole thing, it is called a positive feedback. There are also examples of negative feedbacks whether the chain slows the change that triggered the events. We will point examples out to you in the modules.

Moreover, when you really get involved in studying processes on Earth, you will find out that some variables are related to one another in a linear fashion, for example, an increase in variable X leads to a doubling of variable Y, but in fact, many processes are related in a non-linear way. At the level of this course, we will not be exploring linearity and non-linearity in much detail, and as you can imagine most of the processes we discuss are non-linear.

Complexity

In common usage, we think of the word complex meaning something like "difficult to solve" or "multifactor". In this course and across the disciplines of social, earth, and biological sciences, however, complexity has a more specific meaning: a complex system like the food system has many interacting parts with multiple levels of organization (think of fields within farms within regions within world climates, in interaction with markets and transportation networks, government policies and regulation, and small and large food companies). All of these interacting parts, or many of them, may have interactions consisting of linear or nonlinear relationships and feedbacks we've just considered above. Therefore the behavior of the system as a whole may be initially difficult to understand and may produce unexpected, sudden, and/or self-organizing and self-reinforcing behavior. In our daily lives we may be used to systems like human-designed machines, math problems, daily routines, or other processes that are designed to be very non-complex, like the way we control the motor of a car or the handlebars of a bicycle driving down the street, or play a musical instrument using simplified systems like vibrating strings or reeds in a deliberate way. We hope very much that a car, a piano, or a clarinet do NOT produce unexpected behavior or nonlinear feedbacks, but we do expect that from a regional food system or a local agricultural landscape. Complex systems may, therefore, require new skills to appreciate and understand, and it's our hope that by learning about the multiple interacting parts of food systems, from soil to rainfall to the sandwich at the local deli, you will gain appreciation for the need to study complex systems, especially those combining humans and the global environment, that are currently faced by sustainability challenges. Furthermore, by the end of the course, we want you to be able to apply skills in analyzing complex systems to develop scenarios for better human management of complex environmental systems. To appreciate complexity it is necessary for us to practice systems thinking, something that will be addressed in the first module. It's also important to not become overwhelmed by complexity and to have frameworks and methods that allow us to digest complexity and consider scenarios within systems. Throughout the course, we'll try to flag when we are dealing with systems approaches or a reading or module section that focuses on complexity. We may directly point out examples of complexity, feedback and Earth Systems in the modules. Whenever you see "Earth Systems, Complexity, Feedback IN ACTION" pay attention!

You can find a nice description of complexity including definitions from a variety of authors at Developing Student Understanding of Complex Systems in the Geosciences [51].

Big Data

The considerable threat of food shortages, access to clean drinking water for large numbers of people and other massive problems facing humanity, has provided a boost to the Earth sciences, broadly defined to include geoscience, geography, atmospheric science, and oceanography. Massive datasets are now available to study the Earth and with technology that can handle terabytes of data in a heartbeat, this is an extraordinarily exciting time to be an Earth scientist. In the class, there are several examples where real data are used in activities. For example, in Module 2 you will look at the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Potato in smallholder Andean and North American production systems and in Module 5 you will classify the crops used to produce the current top 20 world commodities and interpret how vulnerable they are to climate change, how they have changed since 2000 and what factors might explain the change in production.

We hope that this course brings a lot of the enthusiasm that is permeating modern Earth science.

Capstone Assignment

In order to assess your understanding of the interdisciplinary topics covered in this course, The Future of Food, you will need to demonstrate your mastery of the course learning objectives via the completion of a capstone project. The capstone project requires that you assess the current status of the food systems in an assigned region. Then consider the food systems in your assigned region for the future scenarios of human population growth and increased temperatures. You will develop your assessment of the current status of the regional food system gradually as you progress through the course material. At the end of every third module, you will complete an assignment designed to help you gather and organize the information you will need to assess the future food scenarios.

You will need to select a region from a list of pre-approved regions or gain permission from your instructor to choose another site. More information will be provided at the end of Module 1.

Summary and Final Tasks

Reminder: Complete all of the Course Orientation tasks!

You have reached the end of the Orientation! Double-check the "Orientation Tasks" on the Orientation Welcome page to make sure that you have completed all of the activities listed there before continuing on to Module 1. Then click on "Modules" to move on to the first Module.


Source URL: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog3/orientation/index

Links
[1] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog3/
[2] http://plantscience.psu.edu/directory/hdk3
[3] http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/areas/crop-ecology-and-management/cropping-systems
[4] https://psu.instructure.com
[5] http://www.coloradomesa.edu/mavzone
[6] https://psu.instructure.com/courses/1780857
[7] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-4121
[8] https://vimeo.com/74677642
[9] https://vimeo.com/canvaslms
[10] https://vimeo.com
[11] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-1284
[12] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-1285
[13] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-1286
[14] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-1559
[15] https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-1666
[16] https://vimeo.com/75514816
[17] http://mavzone.coloradomesa.edu/
[18] http://www.coloradomesa.edu/information-technology/services/helpdesk.html
[19] http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocAPA.html
[20] http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/win.html
[21] http://itservicedesk.psu.edu/
[22] http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/download.htm
[23] https://www.google.com/earth/download/ge/agree.html
[24] https://student.worldcampus.psu.edu/technical-support/contact-us
[25] http://helpdesk.psu.edu/
[26] https://libraries.psu.edu/
[27] https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/c.php?g=516093&p=3540332
[28] http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/advanced?sid=961623b1-5483-4178-b710-5863ddd3e477%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=120
[29] http://blog.worldcampus.psu.edu/2011/08/how-to-receive-penn-state-library-materials-in-the-mail/
[30] https://libraries.psu.edu/services/course-reserves
[31] http://libraries.psu.edu/ask
[32] https://libraries.psu.edu/services/borrow-renew
[33] https://libraries.psu.edu/guides/subject
[34] https://libraries.psu.edu/world
[35] https://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/psul/infosvcs/offcampus.html
[36] https://libraries.psu.edu/ask
[37] http://www.coloradomesa.edu/library/index.html
[38] http://libguides.coloradomesa.edu/
[39] http://libguides.coloradomesa.edu/az.php
[40] http://www.coloradomesa.edu/library/search-research/inter-library-loan/index.html
[41] http://www.coloradomesa.edu/cmulibrary/askalibrarian.html
[42] https://student.worldcampus.psu.edu/academic-support-resources/strategies-to-improve-online-learning
[43] http://studentblog.worldcampus.psu.edu/
[44] http://istudy.psu.edu/
[45] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/c7_p2.html
[46] http://www.albion.com/netiquette/book/
[47] http://studentaffairs.psu.edu/conduct/
[48] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette_in_technology
[49] https://websitebuilders.com/how-to/
[50] http://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/about/index.html
[51] http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/complexsystems/definitions.html